Caretaker Government & Caretakers

Caretaker government

Caretaker government is a type of government that rules temporarily. A caretaker government is often set up following a war until stable democratic rule can be restored, or installed, in which case it is often referred to as a provisional government. In some countries (including Australia and New Zealand) the term is used to describe the government that operates in the interim period between the normal dissolution of parliament for the purpose of holding an election and the formation of a new government after the election results are known.

About Caretaker Government of Bangladesh

One of the more interesting contitutional innovations of recent times is the Bangladeshi Non-party caretaker government. This is covered in chapter IIA of the Bangladesh Constitution 
Bangladesh is a parliamentary system with a largely ceremonial President who is appointed by the Parliament.

The Caretaker Government of Bangladesh

বাংলাদেশের তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকার) is a form of government system in which the country is ruled by a selected government for an interim period during transition from one government to another, after the completion tenure of the former. As the outgoing government hands over their power, the caretaker government comes into place.

Review the Judgment on Caretaker Government of Bangladesh

                                    Contents

Chapters                                                     

History

Military backed Caretaker Government

2008 Election

Reforms

Reactions

Chef Advisers since

Abolishment of GTE

Caretaker system declared illegal

Caretaker government may hold next 2 JS polls for 'safety'
 Keep judges out of caretaker government

BNP takes time; allies   worried: Staff Corresponden

                          Review the verdict on

                “Caretaker government’’

Caretaker government of Bangladesh

Caretaker government: Defending the indefensible

Caretaker government

A temporary government that is in charge of a country until a new government is elected is known as caretaker government.

History

A caretaker government was first introduced in 1990 when three party alliances jointly made a demand for it. After the forced resignation of General Ershad, the three alliances nominated Chief Justice Shahbuddin Ahmed as the Chief Advisor. A Caretaker government is headed by a Chief Adviser who enjoys the same power as the regular prime minister of the country except defense matters. The Advisors function as Ministers. Since 1996, the Caretaker government has held the elections of 1996, 2001 and 2008. Although the first caretaker government was intended to help the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, this system was constitutionalized in 1996 by the Sixth Parliament dominated by Bangladesh Nationalist Party, yielding to boycotting opposition pressure.

Subject matter on Political science

Political Science

The modern word ‘political’ derives from the Greek politikos, ‘of, or pertaining to, the polis’. (The Greek term polis will be translated here as ‘city-state’. It is also translated as ‘city’ or ‘polis’, or simply anglicized as ‘polis’. City-states like Athens and Sparta were relatively small and cohesive units, in which political, religious, and cultural concerns were intertwined. The extent of their similarity to modern nation-states is controversial.) Aristotle's word for ‘politics’ is politike, which is short for politike episteme or ‘political science’. It belongs to one of the three main branches of science, which Aristotle distinguishes by their ends or objects.

Contemplative science (including physics and metaphysics) is concerned with truth or knowledge for its own sake; practical science with good action; and productive science with making useful or beautiful objects. Politics is a practical science, since it is concerned with the noble action or happiness of the citizens (although it resembles a productive science in that it seeks to create, preserve, and reform political systems). Aristotle thus understands politics as a normative or prescriptive discipline rather than as a purely empirical or descriptive inquiry.

Political science is the study of governments, public policies and political processes, systems, and political behavior.  Political science subfields include political theory, political philosophy, political ideology, political economy, policy studies and analysis, comparative politics, international relations, and a host of related fields.

Some intellect persons defections are given below

According to Professor Gilchrist “Political science deals state and   

                                                          government”

            According to Lass well “Polities is the study of influence and influential”

           

According to Catlin “Political science deals with activities of man, society and   

                                    their different socials roles”

According to Paul Janet “political science is that part of social science which

                                           treats of the foundation of the state and principles of  

                                           the government”

According to Professor Gettel “Political science is the study of the state I the

                                                     past present and future”

According to Garish “Political science deal with the origin, development

                                      purpose and all other political problems of the state”

Subject matter of political science

There is some subject matter on political science. The main two feature subject matter on political science.

i)        Speculative on political science

1)    Political thought:

Comparative study of political thought and institutions of East Asian countries emphasizing problems of modernization and interaction of economic, cultural, and social forces.

2)     Political theory

Political Theory (PT), peer-reviewed and published bi-monthly, serves as the leading forum for the development and exchange of political ideas. Broad in scope and international in coverage, PT publishes articles on political theory from a wide range of philosophical, ideological and methodological perspectives. Articles address contemporary and historical political thought, normative and cultural theory, the history of ideas, and critical assessments of current work. The journal encourages essays that address pressing political and ethical issues or events.

3)    Political philosophy

Political philosophy is the study of such topics as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what, if anything, makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it should take and why, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown, if ever. In a vernacular sense, the term "political philosophy" often refers to a general view, or specific ethic, political belief or attitude, about politics that does not necessarily belong to the technical discipline of philosophy.

4)    Political ideas:

This is the formal institutional structure and processes of a society by which policies are developed and implemented in the form of law, binding on all. The government has legislative (law making), executive (law enforcing) and judicial (law interpreting) functions, with decision power exercised by a majority within Parliament.

ii)      Institutional/ structural on political science

1)    Government

Government usually operates under the restrictive nature of a constitution whether it be written or not. A constitution often puts limitations on government, telling the incumbent government what it can do but, more importantly, what it cannot do. Within Britain, the Law Lords in the House of Lords have the final say in interpreting our unwritten constitution though the European Courts are likely to play a more increased role in this aspect as Europe becomes more integrated.

The word "government" refers to the party in power in the House of Commons and also to individuals who have specific power within certain fields - such as the government of transport, the government of education etc.

Another aspect of government in a democracy is that everybody accepts what a democratically elected government wishes to introduce. As a majority of the electorate voted in the government, it is accepted convention that its policies are accepted by the people on whose behalf they run the country. For the period of time the government is in power, the way the country is run is effectively handed over to the government by the people. In recent years, there have been successful challenges to government policy outside of the law courts : the Poll Tax was abandoned because of actual physical challenges to it by street demonstrations; the issue of bannig fox hunting in Britain, may or may not be pushed through because of street demonstrations.

There has been a trend in recent years for unpopular bills to be challenged by the public - one could argue that this is pure democracy if the number of people involved represented a majority of the people in the country who believed that the government had got it wrong.

2)    Political parties:

A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns and educational outreach or protest actions. Parties often espouse an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate interests.

3)    Pressure group

A pressure group can be described as an organized group that does not put up candidates for election, but seeks to influence government policy or legislation. They can also be described as ‘interest groups’, ‘lobby groups’ or ‘protest groups’. Some people avoid using the term ‘pressure group’ as it can inadvertently be interpreted as meaning the groups use actual pressure to achieve their aims, which does not necessarily happen. In Britain, the number of political parties is very small, whereas the number of pressure groups runs into thousands; as the membership of political parties has fallen, that of pressure groups has increased.

4)    International laws: International legal principles concerning international legal personality, jurisdiction over persons and places, diplomatic and consular relations, treaties, war, and relations at sea and in space.

5)    International organization:

Nature, structure, and functioning of international organizations, with a focus on the United Nations system, as a means to maintain international peace and security, and promote international and social cooperation.

6)    Constitution:

An analysis of how the U.S. Supreme Court interprets the Constitution, focusing on the issues of how much power the U.S. Congress, president, and courts should have and how the U.S. government should interrelate with the state governments.

7)      Public opinion:

A study of the origins, content, and impact of citizen attitudes on the U.S. political system. Particular attention will be given to the impact of public opinion, along with other factors, on voting and elections.

8)    Central and local administration:

Supervised field experience in a public agency or an agency involving public affairs; readings and an analytical paper integrate theory with experience in public administration and politics. May be repeated for credit; no more than six credits may be counted toward the major.

9)    International relation:

Perspectives on the World: Social Sciences-Content an examination of contemporary patterns of international interaction and their historic roots with attention to competing theoretical perspectives. Topics studied include foreign policy, international law and organization, and international political economy.

10)  International Relations Theories and Methods :

Various approaches to analyzing international politics including rational choice, game theory, and  regime theory in addition to realism, liberalism, and Marxism.

 

          

11)   Internship in Public Affairs:

Supervised field experience in a public agency or an agency involving public affairs; readings and an analytical paper integrate theory with experience in public administration and politics. May be repeated for credit; no more than six credits may be counted toward the major.

12)  Seminar in Political Science:

The options are designed to have students take challenging courses outside their majors that will contribute to their understanding of the law as a discipline. Students interested in pursuing this minor should contact one of the advisers listed above to obtain information regarding approved options for their majors.

CONCLUSION

The modern citizenship is a legacy of 2500 years of political thinking, popular pressures and educational preparations. The Greek city-states of Plato and Aristotle, Imperial Rome, renaissance, industrialization, French revolution, and process of decolonization provided the most power emerging forces for the development and consolidation of the citizenship idea. At the turn of the century, we are perhaps in another period of comparable political creativity. While citizenship has been legally extended to a very large extent, a large majority of mankind has to live under regimes which have no idea of citizenship. Again how to remove poverty in societies marred by inequalities of wealth, property, income and ownership; the questions posed by unprecedented over-population and relentless destruction of nature are the problems which pose a great threat to citizenship. Hence the direction in which citizenship will evolve in the coming generations will depend on the extent to which mankind will be able to come to grips with these problems.